Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

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Article-English For Competitive Exam

तीन Article होते हैं–A, an तथा The, इनमें A और An से Any का भाव आता है, इसलिए इन्हें Indefinite Article कहते हैं, जबकि The से किसी खास का भाव आता है, इसलिए इसे Definite Article कहा जाता है। Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

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“A तथा An का उपयोग

1. Article के बाद आने वाले शब्द का उच्चारण यदि स्वर हो तो An लगाते हैं और यदि उच्चारण व्यंजन हो तो A का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

This is an apple. She has a car.

I am an Indian. You are a student.

She has an umbrella.

2.Profession के पहले A/An का उपयोग करते हैं, जैसे-

Ram was an engineer. She is an S.D.O.

I am a teacher. Sapna is a doctor.

3. संक्षिप्त शब्दों के पहले भी A/An का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे- He is an I.A.S. and his wife is a P.O.

She is a B.A. and her brother is an M.A.

4. एक, प्रत्येक, प्रति, कोई या जाति बताने में A/An का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

The horse has a tail.

Every state has a chief minister.

Ram can run ten kilometres an hour.

I earn Rs. Five thousand a month.

Rice sells fifty rupee a kilo.

She did not give me a novel.

A Mr Ram wants to see the principal.

An elephant is a huge animal. A peacock is a bird.

Article-English For Competitive Exam

5. Exclamatory sentence में What/How के बाद Singular countable Noun के पहले A/An का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

What a beautiful smile you have!

What a grand tower! What a pretty doll!

How fine a night! How tall an actress!

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

6. किसी विशिष्ट व्यक्ति की विशेषताओं की तुलना किसी अन्य व्यक्ति से करने पर A/An का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे- He is Gandhi. He is a Gandhi.

She is Laxmi Bai. She is a Laxmi Bai.

You are Hitlar. You are a Hitlar.

She is Lata Mangeshkar.

She is a Lata Mangeshkar.

‘The’ का उपयोग-Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

1.पूर्व निर्धारित वस्तु या व्यक्ति के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

Open the window. Did you post the letter?

Sit in the bus. Stand up on the bench.

2. Singular Countable noun के पहले पूरी जाति की विशेषता बताने के लिए The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे- The dog is a faithful animal.

The tiger is a fierce animal.

The cow is a useful animal.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

3. दर, माप या हिसाब बताने के लिए The का उपयोग निम्न तरह से किया जाता है, जैसे-

Milk is sold by the litre. Sugar is sold by the kilo.

Cloth is sold by the metre.

4. किसी भी Musical instruments के पहले हमेशा The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

Everybody wants to play the guitar.

Jakir plays the tabla very well.

Every great singer knows how to play the harmonium.

I want to play on the harmonium.

She can play the guitar.

Ram plays the tabla every morning.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

5. किसी भी आविष्कार या invention के नाम के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

Who invented the telescope/television.

I watched this movie on the T.V.

Listen to the radio.

6. व्यक्ति के पद और शरीर के अंगों के नाम के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

The commissioner has come.

This decision was taken by the C.M.

The police hit him on the head.

Man has a head, a nose and a mouth.

7. Common Noun का उपयोग Abstract Noun की तरह करने पर The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

The mother in her. The singer in Ram.

The teacher in me.The judge in Rajesh.

8. Superlative degree of Adjective के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

Radha is the best student of the class.

Ram is the most handsome boy in his family.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

Note- यदि most का अर्थ very के लिए किया गया हो तो most के पहले a आता है, जैसे-

She is a most beautiful girl.

This is a most useful reference book.

Article-English For Competitive Exam

Note- जब most का अर्थ “अधिकांश” हो तो किसी भी Article का उपयोग नहीं किया जाता है अर्थात A, An, The का उपयोग नहीं किया जाता है, जैसे-

Most of the students of English Point are laborious.

Most birds can fly.

9. Comperative degree से यदि Selection का बोध हो तो Comperative degree के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

She is the stronger of the two girls.

This is the better of the two pens.

Ram is the more handsome of the two actors.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

Noun-Competitive English Grammar

10. Unique वस्तुओं के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

The earth is an amazing place to live.

All of us know that the sun rises in the east.

The moon attracts most of the poets.

the equator, the universe, the world, the stars.

11. Ordinal Adjective अर्थात first, second, third…..next, last के पहले the का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे- The next bus will go after some time.

Ram is the first person to come here.

Note-Next/last का उपयोग यदि Sunday, January, week, month, year के पहले किया गया हो तो The नहीं आता है, जैसे-

Rani and Seema came here last week.

She met Suman last Monday.

I will go to Bhopal next month.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

Pronoun-English For Competitive Exam

12. both of, some of, half of, most of, none of, all of, either of, neither of, के बाद आने वाले Noun के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

Neither of the girls is ready.

Either of the boys is able to solve it.

Most of the money was spent.

All of the players have gone.

13. Comparison बताने के लिए same के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

These pens are the same as we saw in that shop.

Your book is the same as mine.

14. वर्ग या जाति बतलाने के लिए किसी Adjective के पहले The का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-

The poor, the rich, the young, the old.

The poor live in slum area.

The rich do not always help the poor.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

15. सामान्यतः Proper Noun के पहले The नहीं आता है किंतु निम्न इसका अपवाद हैं-

1. किसी river, sea, ocean, bay, gulf, canal के पहले The आता है, जैसे-

The Ganga, The red sea, the pacific ocean,

the bay of Bengal, the gulf of Maxico, etc.

2. किसी mountain range या group of island के पहले The आता है, जैसे-

The Himalaya, the Alps,

The Andmans, the West Indies, etc.

Note: परन्तु Mountain Peak या अकेले द्वीप के आगे The नहीं आता है, जैसे-

Mount Abu, Nanda Devi, Java, Sumatra

3. किसी Desert, Train, Aeroplane, Ship, etc के पहले The आता है, जैसे- The Desert of Sahara, The Punjab mail, The Intercity, The Vikrant, The Victoria, etc.

4. Nationality words, Physical position, Geographical directions, Physical environment, etc बतलाने वाले शब्दों के पहले The आता है, जैसे- The French, The Indians, On the top, at the bottom, the east, the west, the rain, the fog, the seaside, etc.

5. किसी Political Party, religious community, religious books, armed forces, Govt. branches, hotel and restaurant, museum, library, newspaper, etc. के नाम के पहले The आता है, जैसे-

The B.J.P., the Hindu, the Geeta, the Army, the Legislative, the Grand Hotel, the Lions club, the British Museum, the Hindustan times, the times of India, etc.

6. किसी Historical building, Dynasty, Empire, Historical period/age, Historical events, etc. के नाम के पहले The आता है, जैसे-

The Qutub Minar, the Taj Mahal, the Gupta Dynasty, the Roman Empire, the Victoria period, the lizabethan age, the French Revolution, the battle of Panipat, the Quit India movement, etc.

Note: Building तथा Institutions जिनके नाम दो शब्दों से मिलकर बने हो, जिनमें एक शब्द किसी व्यक्ति का तथा दूसरा शब्द किसी स्थान का नाम हो, तो उनके आगे The नहीं आता है, जैसे- London Zoo, Delhi Airport, Jaipur Palace, Victoria Station, etc. Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

वे स्थितियाँ जहां किसी भी Article का उपयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

1. Material तथा Abstract noun के पहले Article नहीं लगाते हैं, जैसे-

Gold is a costly metal. Honesty is the best policy.

Virtue has its own reward. We drink water.

We cannot live without air.

2. किसी game and sports, colour, language, disease, Subject के नाम के पहले Article नहीं आता है, जैसे, Everyone likes cricket.

We used to play hockey. I can speak English.

Maths is my favourite subject. Red is a great colour.

He died of cancer/diabetes.

You are suffering from malaria/cancer.

3. Title of, Post of, Rank of, के बाद आने वाले Noun के पहले कोई Article नहीं आता है, जैसे,

He was given the title of king.

I accepted the post of trainer.

Ram has been promoted to the rank of S.D.O.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

4. Appoint, make, nominated, elect के बाद आने वाले Noun के पहले Article नहीं आता है, जैसे,

He was appointed engineer.

They made him monitor. She was elected M.P.

He was nominated secretary.

5. Days, months, festivals के नाम के पहले Article नहीं आता है, जैसे,

She came on Monday. I returned on Holi.

He will go to Mumbai in March.

6. दिन और रात के हिस्सों के पहले यदि at, before, after, by आये तो Article नहीं आता है, जैसे- Dawn, daybreak,sunrise,noon, evening, dusk, twilight, night, midnight, etc.

She came to me at night. She met me at dawn.

The teacher met me before evening.

He will come here by night.

Article Rules-English For Competitive Exam

7. यातायात के साधन के पहले यदि by आता है तो Article नहीं आता है, जैसे- She went there by car.

Nisha has never travelled by bus.

I go to the office by aeroplane.

8. भोजन के नाम के पहले Article नहीं आता है, जैसे,

She had lunch at 3 p.m.

He couldn’t have breakfast today.

परंतु इनके पहले कोई Adjective आता हो या इन्हें खास बताया गया तो Article आता है, जैसे,

They arranged a nice dinner yesterday.