Modal verbs/Modals/Modal auxiliary verbs का उपयोग helping (auxiliary) verb की तरह main verb के साथ किया जाता है।
यह verb के mood/mode (अवस्था अथवा भाव) को व्यक्त करते हैं।
Modal verbs पर Subjects के Number या Person का कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है।
Modal verbs के साथ हमेशा verb के first form का उपयोग किया जाता है।
कुछ Models जैसे need, dear, used का उपयोग main verbs की तरह भी किया जाता है। अतः इन्हें marginal modals या semi modals भी कहा जाता है।
Learn Spoken English Easily
Uses of Modal Verb
May
1. May का उपयोग अनुमति (Permission) मांगने अथवा अनुमति देने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे-
May I borrow your bike?
No, you may not.
May I come in, sir?
Yes, you may.
May I go now?
No, you may not.
You may go to college.
They may stay with us.
You may live with us.
2. May का उपयोग किसी घटना के घटित होने की अनिश्चितता अथवा संभावना (Possibility) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
She may attend the meeting.
Raju may prefer to stay here tonight.
Reena may come today.
The sky is cloudy, it may rain today.
She may pass this year.
3. May का उपयोग (Wish/Desire) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
May god bless you!
May God help you!
May you succeed in your life!
May you live long!
May god save your family from evil eyes!
4. May का उपयोग उद्देश्य (Purpose) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
We play so that we may have good health.
Obey your teachers in order that you may prosper in life.
They practice regularly so that they may win the match.
She works hard so that she may earn good livelihood.
Everyone eats so that he may live.
We labour hard in order that we may get good marks.
5. May का उपयोग informal request के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
May I borrow your book?
May I use your bike, please?
May I have the salt, please?
How To Use Modals
2. Might- Might, may का past form है।
1. Direct से indirect में जाने पर past form के लिए might का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-
He said, “May god bless you!”
He prayed that God might bless her.
Ram said, “It may rain today.”
Ram said that it might rain that day.
How To Use Modals
2. Might का उपयोग request बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है। Might, may से अधिक polite request को बताता है। सामान्यतः यह आत्मविश्वास की कमी hesitation एवं request के स्वीकार न होने की स्थिति को अभिव्यक्त करता है, जैसे- Might I borrow your car?
Might I talk to the CM?
3. Might का उपयोग कोरी कल्पना बताने वाले वाक्यों में as if, as though, I wish, We wish He/She wishes के साथ किया जाता है, जैसे-
He wishes you might have seen Mahatma Gandhi.
If you worked hard you might succeed.
If you had left your watch there, someone might have stolen it.
4. Might, का उपयोग may से कम संभावना (less probability) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है। जैसे-
It might rain today. (Less probability)
It may rain today. (more probability)
She might help you (less probability)
She may help you (more probability)
3. Can
1. Can का उपयोग शक्ति (power) या शारीरिक क्षमता (physical capacity), योग्यता (ability/capability), क्षमता (capacity) एवं मानसिक ज्ञान के कारण योग्यता (mental ability) को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जैसे-
She can solve this type of problem.
They cannot understand this passage.
Can you speak English?
I can read without glasses.
Can you lift this box?
I cannot solve this puzzle.
Can= is/am/are able
Can’t= is/am/are unable
I am unable to solve this puzzle.
She is able to solve this type of problem.
2. Can का प्रयोग बोलने वाले के क्रोध (anger), अधीरता (impatience) तथा आश्चर्य (surprise/astonishment) को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
How can he resign?
What can she do?
Where can he go? (impatience)
What can they say? (surprise)
3. Can का उपयोग अनुमति (permission) देने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
The students can park their bicycles here.
You can sit there.
She can take these pens.
You can go there by bus.
4. Can का उपयोग संभावना (possibility) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, परंतु Can के द्वारा व्यक्त संभावना, May के द्वारा व्यक्त संभावना से अलग होती है, जैसे-
You can play badminton, not cricket in this field.
( परिस्थितियों के अनुकूल होने के कारण उत्पन्न संभावना- क्योंकि मैदान अधिक बड़ा नहीं है)
He can be rude.
( Occasional possibility जब यह कहना हो कि कभी-कभी यह संभव होता है और कभी कभी नहीं भी-वह कभी-कभी अशिष्ट भी हो जाता है।)
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
4. Could
1. Could का उपयोग Can के past tense के रूप में किया जाता है।
He told me that he can lend me his umbrella. (×)
He told me that he could lend me his umbrella. (✓)
I did all that I can.(×)
I did all that I could.(✓)
I said that I can solve the problem.(×)
I said that I could solve the problem.(✓)
2. Could का उपयोग भूतकाल में योग्यता ( past ability) को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
When he was young, he could run twenty miles.
When I was young, I could climb any tree.
When Raju was young, he could swim across this river.
3. Could का उपयोग present perfect tense में एक ऐसी past possibility को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जो पूर्ण नहीं हुई हो।
She could have phoned me. (But she didn’t phone.)
I could have caught the train if I had hurried. (But I didn’t catch.)
4. Could का उपयोग present की अवास्त्विक स्थिति (unreal situation) बताने वाले वाक्यों में संभावना (possibility) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
If Suman tried hard, she could succeed.
If Raju had money, he could start some business.
If I started earlier, I could catch the train.
If I had more money, I could build a temple.
5. Could का उपयोग interrogative sentences में विनम्र निवेदन ( polite request ) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
Could you give me your bike?
Could you lend me your computer?
Could you help me, please?
Could I have a talk with you?
Could you, please, send me an application form?
6. Could का उपयोग वर्तमान में आवश्यकता (necessity) तथा क्षमता (capacity) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
Could she run the business by himself?
Could you get another job?
How To Use Modals
5. Shall
1. Shall का उपयोग first person के साथ कोई सामान्य future action को बताने के लिए किया जाता है। दूसरे शब्दों में, यह कह सकते हैं कि इसका उपयोग भविष्य की घटना, कार्य या परिस्थिति को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
I shall go to Bhopal tomorrow.
I shall be 45 next week.
I shall buy a car next month.
We shall meet him tomorrow morning.
We shall discuss this topic on Monday.
Shall we invite them next week?
Shall I wait for you tomorrow?
2. Shall का उपयोग first person के साथ interrogative sentences में दूसरे की इच्छा जानने के लिए अथवा अपनी सेवाएं देने हेतु भी किया जाता है।
Shall I open the door?क्या मैं आपके लिए दरवाजा खोलूं?
Shall I help you? क्या मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूं?
3. Shall का उपयोग second person और third person के साथ वादा (promise), दृढ़ निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat), आदेश (command), चेतावनी (warning), निषेध (prohibition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
He shall pay you on Sunday.
You shall be rewarded.
He shall be appointed.
They shall get jobs if they do well.
He shall work hard to get success.
They shall obey me as long as they are in the class.
She shall do everything according to the rules.
She shall be punished for her misconduct.
They shall repent.
Nobody shall write on the bench.
You shall not meet him.
He shall be punished if he doesn’t do so.
You shall be transferred if you don’t work properly.
You shall go to Bhopal at once.
He will do it without any delay.
You shall do what I say.
You shall be deprived of your share.
How To Use Modals
6. Will
1. Will का उपयोग second और third person के साथ सामान्य future action को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
You will work here.
The train will leave at 9 o’clock.
They will try to pass the examination.
She will marry Raju next year.
You will be in Bhopal this time tomorrow.
We will go tomorrow.
2. Will का उपयोग second और third person के साथ interrogative sentences में formal request को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
Will you close the window, please?
Will you bring a glass of water, please?
3. Will का उपयोग सभी persons के साथ संभावना (possibility) बताने के लिए किया जाता है तथा will not (won’t) का उपयोग मना करने (refuse) के लिए किया जाता है।
The bus will not start.
I won’t help him at any cost.
We won’t go there.
He will not sanction my money.
Today is 15th August, schools and colleges will be closed.
He will be in the park.
4. Will का उपयोग first person के साथ वादा (promise), दृढ़ निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat), आदेश (command), चेतावनी (warning), निषेध (prohibition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
I will never speak to her.
I will beat you.
I will teach them a lesson.
I will definitely achieve my goal.
We will destroy them.
We will kill him.
I will do everything for you.
I will play on Sunday.
I will accompany her.
We will request Mr Ram to help her.
I will attend the meeting.
We will help you to do this work.
We will try to help you in this project.
Will का उपयोग निर्देश (instruction) तथा आदेश (command/ order) देने में भी किया जाता है।
The girls will not wear the shorts.
You will do it at once.
All the students will attend the debate.
You will deliver the welcome speech.
How To Use Modals
7. Should
1. Should का उपयोग shall के past form के रूप में किया जाता है।
I said that I shall not go to Mumbai. (×)
I said that I should not go to Mumbai. (✓)
The judge said that the criminal shall be punished. (×)
The judge said that the criminal should be punished. (✓)
2. Should का उपयोग सलाह (advice), कर्तव्य (duty), जिम्मेदारी (responsibility), संभावना (possibility), पूर्वानुमान (presumption), बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
We should speak the truth.
They should be anxious about us.
Raju should be worried about Ram.
You should be able to do this type of work.
She left the institute in an hour ago.
She should reach home by 7:00 p.m.
He should be reading now.
You should find Suman in the class.
He should take care of his bag.
You should take care of your language.
We should obey our elders.
One should obey one’s elders.
He should take care of his health.
We should love our country.
You should take medicine on time.
Everyone should work hard.
How To Use Modals
3. Conditional sentences में lest के साथ हमेशा should का उपयोग किया जाता है।
lest का अर्थ है कहींऐसानाहो या अन्यथा
Move fast lest you should miss the train.
Make haste lest you should miss the class.
Work hard lest you should fail.
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
4. Should का उपयोग past tense में वैसे कार्य को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जो कार्य जिस रूप में किया जाना चाहिए था वह नहीं किया गया।
He should have gone by morning train. उसे सुबह की ट्रेन से चला जाना चाहिए था (लेकिन वह नहीं गया।)
You should have informed the police about the incident. तुम्हें पुलिस को घटना के बारे में सूचित कर देना चाहिए था (लेकिन तुमने सूचित नहीं किया)।
You should have submitted the bills. तुम्हें बिल जमा कर देना चाहिए था। (लेकिन तुमने नहीं किया)
5. Should का उपयोग अवास्तविक स्थिति (unreal situation) बताने वाले वाक्यों के main clause में उपयोग किया जाता है।
If I were you, I should not do this.
If I were you, I should not forgive her.
6. Should का उपयोग conditional class में कम संभावना (less probability) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
If Ram should come, ask him to wait for me.
Should Ram come, I will give him this book.
इन वाक्यों में राम के आने की ज्यादा संभावना नहीं है फिर भी यदि वह आता है तो।
How To Use Modals
8. Would
1. Would का उपयोग will के past tense के रूप में किया जाता है।
Raju told me that Ram will not do it.(×)
Raju told me that Ram would not do it.(✓)
Reena said that Geeta will pass the exam.(×)
Reena said that Geeta would pass the exam. (✓)
2. Would का उपयोग interrogative sentences में विनम्र निवेदन (polite request) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
Would you sing a song?
Would you lend me some money?
Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
Would you come with me?
3. Would का उपयोग वर्तमान (present) अथवा भूत (past) की काल्पनिक (unreal) स्थिति को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
If I were a king, I would make you my chief advisor.
If you come to me, I would help you.
If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
If I had wings, I would fly in the sky.
If she had come to me, I would have helped her.
If Rani had asked me, I would have taught her.
4. Would का उपयोग past की habit को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
After taking meal, she would go out for a short walk.
I would go out for a long morning walk.
Rani and Reena would come and sit with me for hours.
5. Would का उपयोग rather के साथ प्राथमिकता या पसंद (preference of choice) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
She would rather play on the harmonium than to take rest.
I would rather study than to see a movie.
He would rather die than beg.
I would rather rest now.
6. Would का उपयोग समरूपता (likelihood), संभावना (probability), पूर्वानुमान (presumption) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
He would be about 40 now.
He would be about 70 now.
The teacher would be in the playground.
Reena would be in the kitchen at this time.
Raju would be in the field.
She would be playing now.
How To Use Modals
9. Must
Must का उपयोग present time तथा future time दोनों के actions को बताने के लिए किया जा सकता है। इसका कोई past tense नहीं होता है।
1. Must का उपयोग आदेश (order), निर्देश (command), दबाव या बाध्यता (compulsion), अथवा कर्तव्य (duty) बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
We must respect our elders.
You must apologize for your mistake.
We must help the needy.
All students must attend the function.
Soldiers must obey orders without any question.
They must do as they are told.
You must do as you are directed.
2. Must का उपयोग प्रबल संभावना (strong probability/likelihood) को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
India must have won the 2nd test match against Pakistan.
You must have heard about Modi ji.
He has not reached so far, he must have taken a wrong turn.
You must be joking.
They must be hungry.
Raju must be 20 now.
3. Must का उपयोग मनाही एवं दबाव (prohibition and emphatic advice) मुक्त सलाह को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
You must not run in the sun.
Visitor must not feed the animals.
You must not talk to that wicked fellow.
You must not miss the classes.
Students must not copy.
How To Use Modals
10. Ought to
Ought का उपयोग बिना to के नहीं किया जाता है।
Ought to तथा should का उपयोग एवं अर्थ लगभग एक समान होते हैं।
1. Ought to का उपयोग सामान्यता नैतिक कर्तव्य (moral duty) बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
One ought to take care of one’s children.
We ought to help the needy.
We ought to respect our parents.
2. Ought to का उपयोग सलाह (advice), कर्तव्य (duty) तथा नैतिक दायित्व (moral obligation) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
We ought to work for the welfare of the nation.
We ought to help our friends.
You ought to consult a physician.
You ought to read this book, it is very interesting.
3. Ought to के साथ not का उपयोग किसी जिम्मेदारी को पूरा न करने के अर्थ में किया जाता है।
यह advice का अर्थ बताता है।
Children ought not to watch TV for so long.
She ought not to talk to the seniors in such manner.
They ought not to smoke so much.
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
4. Ought to का उपयोग perfect tense में उस action को बताने के लिए किया जाता है जो कार्य संपन्न होना चाहिए था परंतु कार्य नहीं किया गया।
We ought to have come here in time. (But we didn’t come in time.)
Raju ought to have invited Ram in function. (But he didn’t invite.)
They ought to have stopped at the traffic light near English Point. (But they didn’t.)
11. Used to
1. Used to का उपयोग बीते हुए समय की आदत को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
There used to be a good restaurant.
He used to play badminton in the evening.
Ram used to walk in the morning.
My teacher used to teach one lesson everyday.
We used to drink daily.
Used to का negative तथा interrogative दो तरह से बनता है। उदाहरण देखिए।
He did not use to smoke daily.
He used not to smoke daily.
I used not to play cricket at college.
I did not use to play cricket at college.
Used he to play badminton?
Did he used to play badminton?
How To Use Modals
12. Need
Need का उपयोग modal auxiliary verb तथा ordinary verb दोनों तरह से किया जाता है। इसलिए इसे marginal modal या semi modal कहा जाता है।
1. सामान्यता Need का उपयोग modal verb के रूप में interrogative एवं negative वाक्यों में किया जाता है।
I need not talk to her.
Need he talk to him?
You needn’t wear a tie?
You need not stay here.
Need we go there?
2. Present tense में needn’t का उपयोग ऐसे कार्य को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जो वास्तव में नहीं किया जाना ही उचित था।
Needn’t का अर्थ होता है जरूरत नहीं होना या आवश्यक नहीं होना।
We needn’t have stayed here.
हमें यहां ठहरने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
Raju needn’t have left the office at 9 o’clock.
राजू को 9:00 बजे ऑफिस छोड़ने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
He needn’t have bought such a costly bag.
उसे इतना महंगा बेग खरीदने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
We needn’t have written such a long story.
हमें इतनी बड़ी कहानी लिखने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
Note: need का उपयोग main verb के रूप में निम्न तरह से किया जाता है। उदाहरण देखिए।
I need your help.
He needs my assistance.
You need/needed my permission to teach them.
He needed my help.
I don’t need your suggestion in this matter.
You did not need my help.
He did not need my money.
She doesn’t need my assistance.
You don’t need to help me.
Does he need to stay in this hotel?
Did she/they need to stay here?
Do you need my help?
Does she need my money?
How To Use Modals
13. Dare
Need की तरह dare का प्रयोग modal verb तथा principal verb दोनों तरह से किया जाता है, इसलिए dare को भी marginal model या semi model कहा जाता है।
1. Dare का प्रयोग modal auxiliary/marginal model auxiliary के रूप में सामान्यतया negative एवं interrogative sentences में किया जाता है।
Dare का अर्थ होता है- साहसकरनायाचुनौतीदेना।
Negative:
He dare not (daren’t) come here.
She daren’t call you a fool.
They dare not leave the meeting without my permission.
I dare not talk to the chairman.
Dare he not say like this?
Dare they complain against you?
How dare he speak like this?
How dare they act in this manner?
Dare she sit before us?
How dare you do such a thing?
How To Use Modals
Note: How के साथ Dare का उपयोग वक्ता का गुस्सा, सदमा एवं आश्चर्य बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
2. Somebody, anybody, nobody के साथ Dare का उपयोग जब modal की तरह किया जाता है, तो इसके साथ to का उपयोग किया जा सकता है एवं नहीं भी किया जा सकता है।
Nobody dare comment like this. (✓)
Nobody dare to comment like this.(✓)
ऊपर लिखे दोनों ही वाक्य सही है।
Note: Dare का उपयोग main verb या principal verb के रूप में निम्न प्रकार से किया जाता है।
I am Subhash joshi. हर एक पोस्ट के पीछे मेरा सबसे बड़ा मोटिव होता है अपने Readers की life में value add करना। मैंने badisuccess.com/ kyon shuru kiya ?
किसी ने कहा है कि यदि खुद को बड़ा बनाना है, तो औरों को बड़ा बनाना शुरू करो। यदि खुद को मदद चाहिए तो औरों की मदद करना शुरू करो और बस यही आधार बना badisuccess.com/ को शुरू करने का। MY CONTACT NO. 9753978693
Modal Verbs (How To Use Modals)
Modal verbs/Modals/Modal auxiliary verbs का उपयोग helping (auxiliary) verb की तरह main verb के साथ किया जाता है।
यह verb के mood/mode (अवस्था अथवा भाव) को व्यक्त करते हैं।
Modal verbs पर Subjects के Number या Person का कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है।
Modal verbs के साथ हमेशा verb के first form का उपयोग किया जाता है।
कुछ Models जैसे need, dear, used का उपयोग main verbs की तरह भी किया जाता है। अतः इन्हें marginal modals या semi modals भी कहा जाता है।
Uses of Modal Verb
May
1. May का उपयोग अनुमति (Permission) मांगने अथवा अनुमति देने के लिए किया जाता है। जैसे-
May I borrow your bike?
No, you may not.
May I come in, sir?
Yes, you may.
May I go now?
No, you may not.
You may go to college.
They may stay with us.
You may live with us.
2. May का उपयोग किसी घटना के घटित होने की अनिश्चितता अथवा संभावना (Possibility) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
She may attend the meeting.
Raju may prefer to stay here tonight.
Reena may come today.
The sky is cloudy, it may rain today.
She may pass this year.
3. May का उपयोग (Wish/Desire) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
May god bless you!
May God help you!
May you succeed in your life!
May you live long!
May god save your family from evil eyes!
4. May का उपयोग उद्देश्य (Purpose) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
We play so that we may have good health.
Obey your teachers in order that you may prosper in life.
They practice regularly so that they may win the match.
She works hard so that she may earn good livelihood.
Everyone eats so that he may live.
We labour hard in order that we may get good marks.
5. May का उपयोग informal request के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
May I borrow your book?
May I use your bike, please?
May I have the salt, please?
How To Use Modals
2. Might- Might, may का past form है।
1. Direct से indirect में जाने पर past form के लिए might का उपयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-
He said, “May god bless you!”
He prayed that God might bless her.
Ram said, “It may rain today.”
Ram said that it might rain that day.
How To Use Modals
2. Might का उपयोग request बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है। Might, may से अधिक polite request को बताता है। सामान्यतः यह आत्मविश्वास की कमी hesitation एवं request के स्वीकार न होने की स्थिति को अभिव्यक्त करता है, जैसे- Might I borrow your car?
Might I talk to the CM?
3. Might का उपयोग कोरी कल्पना बताने वाले वाक्यों में as if, as though, I wish, We wish He/She wishes के साथ किया जाता है, जैसे-
He wishes you might have seen Mahatma Gandhi.
If you worked hard you might succeed.
If you had left your watch there, someone might have stolen it.
4. Might, का उपयोग may से कम संभावना (less probability) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है। जैसे-
It might rain today. (Less probability)
It may rain today. (more probability)
She might help you (less probability)
She may help you (more probability)
3. Can
1. Can का उपयोग शक्ति (power) या शारीरिक क्षमता (physical capacity), योग्यता (ability/capability), क्षमता (capacity) एवं मानसिक ज्ञान के कारण योग्यता (mental ability) को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जैसे-
She can solve this type of problem.
They cannot understand this passage.
Can you speak English?
I can read without glasses.
Can you lift this box?
I cannot solve this puzzle.
Can= is/am/are able
Can’t= is/am/are unable
I am unable to solve this puzzle.
She is able to solve this type of problem.
2. Can का प्रयोग बोलने वाले के क्रोध (anger), अधीरता (impatience) तथा आश्चर्य (surprise/astonishment) को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
How can he resign?
What can she do?
Where can he go? (impatience)
What can they say? (surprise)
3. Can का उपयोग अनुमति (permission) देने के लिए भी किया जाता है, जैसे-
The students can park their bicycles here.
You can sit there.
She can take these pens.
You can go there by bus.
4. Can का उपयोग संभावना (possibility) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है, परंतु Can के द्वारा व्यक्त संभावना, May के द्वारा व्यक्त संभावना से अलग होती है, जैसे-
You can play badminton, not cricket in this field.
( परिस्थितियों के अनुकूल होने के कारण उत्पन्न संभावना- क्योंकि मैदान अधिक बड़ा नहीं है)
He can be rude.
( Occasional possibility जब यह कहना हो कि कभी-कभी यह संभव होता है और कभी कभी नहीं भी-वह कभी-कभी अशिष्ट भी हो जाता है।)
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
4. Could
1. Could का उपयोग Can के past tense के रूप में किया जाता है।
He told me that he can lend me his umbrella. (×)
He told me that he could lend me his umbrella. (✓)
I did all that I can.(×)
I did all that I could.(✓)
I said that I can solve the problem.(×)
I said that I could solve the problem.(✓)
2. Could का उपयोग भूतकाल में योग्यता ( past ability) को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
When he was young, he could run twenty miles.
When I was young, I could climb any tree.
When Raju was young, he could swim across this river.
3. Could का उपयोग present perfect tense में एक ऐसी past possibility को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जो पूर्ण नहीं हुई हो।
She could have phoned me. (But she didn’t phone.)
I could have caught the train if I had hurried. (But I didn’t catch.)
4. Could का उपयोग present की अवास्त्विक स्थिति (unreal situation) बताने वाले वाक्यों में संभावना (possibility) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
If Suman tried hard, she could succeed.
If Raju had money, he could start some business.
If I started earlier, I could catch the train.
If I had more money, I could build a temple.
5. Could का उपयोग interrogative sentences में विनम्र निवेदन ( polite request ) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
Could you give me your bike?
Could you lend me your computer?
Could you help me, please?
Could I have a talk with you?
Could you, please, send me an application form?
6. Could का उपयोग वर्तमान में आवश्यकता (necessity) तथा क्षमता (capacity) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
Could she run the business by himself?
Could you get another job?
How To Use Modals
5. Shall
1. Shall का उपयोग first person के साथ कोई सामान्य future action को बताने के लिए किया जाता है। दूसरे शब्दों में, यह कह सकते हैं कि इसका उपयोग भविष्य की घटना, कार्य या परिस्थिति को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
I shall go to Bhopal tomorrow.
I shall be 45 next week.
I shall buy a car next month.
We shall meet him tomorrow morning.
We shall discuss this topic on Monday.
Shall we invite them next week?
Shall I wait for you tomorrow?
2. Shall का उपयोग first person के साथ interrogative sentences में दूसरे की इच्छा जानने के लिए अथवा अपनी सेवाएं देने हेतु भी किया जाता है।
Shall I open the door?क्या मैं आपके लिए दरवाजा खोलूं?
Shall I help you? क्या मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूं?
3. Shall का उपयोग second person और third person के साथ वादा (promise), दृढ़ निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat), आदेश (command), चेतावनी (warning), निषेध (prohibition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
He shall pay you on Sunday.
You shall be rewarded.
He shall be appointed.
They shall get jobs if they do well.
He shall work hard to get success.
They shall obey me as long as they are in the class.
She shall do everything according to the rules.
She shall be punished for her misconduct.
They shall repent.
Nobody shall write on the bench.
You shall not meet him.
He shall be punished if he doesn’t do so.
You shall be transferred if you don’t work properly.
You shall go to Bhopal at once.
He will do it without any delay.
You shall do what I say.
You shall be deprived of your share.
How To Use Modals
6. Will
1. Will का उपयोग second और third person के साथ सामान्य future action को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
You will work here.
The train will leave at 9 o’clock.
They will try to pass the examination.
She will marry Raju next year.
You will be in Bhopal this time tomorrow.
We will go tomorrow.
2. Will का उपयोग second और third person के साथ interrogative sentences में formal request को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
Will you close the window, please?
Will you bring a glass of water, please?
3. Will का उपयोग सभी persons के साथ संभावना (possibility) बताने के लिए किया जाता है तथा will not (won’t) का उपयोग मना करने (refuse) के लिए किया जाता है।
The bus will not start.
I won’t help him at any cost.
We won’t go there.
He will not sanction my money.
Today is 15th August, schools and colleges will be closed.
He will be in the park.
4. Will का उपयोग first person के साथ वादा (promise), दृढ़ निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat), आदेश (command), चेतावनी (warning), निषेध (prohibition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
I will never speak to her.
I will beat you.
I will teach them a lesson.
I will definitely achieve my goal.
We will destroy them.
We will kill him.
I will do everything for you.
I will play on Sunday.
I will accompany her.
We will request Mr Ram to help her.
I will attend the meeting.
We will help you to do this work.
We will try to help you in this project.
Will का उपयोग निर्देश (instruction) तथा आदेश (command/ order) देने में भी किया जाता है।
The girls will not wear the shorts.
You will do it at once.
All the students will attend the debate.
You will deliver the welcome speech.
How To Use Modals
7. Should
1. Should का उपयोग shall के past form के रूप में किया जाता है।
I said that I shall not go to Mumbai. (×)
I said that I should not go to Mumbai. (✓)
The judge said that the criminal shall be punished. (×)
The judge said that the criminal should be punished. (✓)
2. Should का उपयोग सलाह (advice), कर्तव्य (duty), जिम्मेदारी (responsibility), संभावना (possibility), पूर्वानुमान (presumption), बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
We should speak the truth.
They should be anxious about us.
Raju should be worried about Ram.
You should be able to do this type of work.
She left the institute in an hour ago.
She should reach home by 7:00 p.m.
He should be reading now.
You should find Suman in the class.
He should take care of his bag.
You should take care of your language.
We should obey our elders.
One should obey one’s elders.
He should take care of his health.
We should love our country.
You should take medicine on time.
Everyone should work hard.
How To Use Modals
3. Conditional sentences में lest के साथ हमेशा should का उपयोग किया जाता है।
lest का अर्थ है कहीं ऐसा ना हो या अन्यथा
Move fast lest you should miss the train.
Make haste lest you should miss the class.
Work hard lest you should fail.
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
4. Should का उपयोग past tense में वैसे कार्य को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जो कार्य जिस रूप में किया जाना चाहिए था वह नहीं किया गया।
He should have gone by morning train. उसे सुबह की ट्रेन से चला जाना चाहिए था (लेकिन वह नहीं गया।)
You should have informed the police about the incident. तुम्हें पुलिस को घटना के बारे में सूचित कर देना चाहिए था (लेकिन तुमने सूचित नहीं किया)।
You should have submitted the bills. तुम्हें बिल जमा कर देना चाहिए था। (लेकिन तुमने नहीं किया)
5. Should का उपयोग अवास्तविक स्थिति (unreal situation) बताने वाले वाक्यों के main clause में उपयोग किया जाता है।
If I were you, I should not do this.
If I were you, I should not forgive her.
6. Should का उपयोग conditional class में कम संभावना (less probability) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
If Ram should come, ask him to wait for me.
Should Ram come, I will give him this book.
इन वाक्यों में राम के आने की ज्यादा संभावना नहीं है फिर भी यदि वह आता है तो।
How To Use Modals
8. Would
1. Would का उपयोग will के past tense के रूप में किया जाता है।
Raju told me that Ram will not do it.(×)
Raju told me that Ram would not do it.(✓)
Reena said that Geeta will pass the exam.(×)
Reena said that Geeta would pass the exam. (✓)
2. Would का उपयोग interrogative sentences में विनम्र निवेदन (polite request) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
Would you sing a song?
Would you lend me some money?
Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
Would you come with me?
3. Would का उपयोग वर्तमान (present) अथवा भूत (past) की काल्पनिक (unreal) स्थिति को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
If I were a king, I would make you my chief advisor.
If you come to me, I would help you.
If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
If I had wings, I would fly in the sky.
If she had come to me, I would have helped her.
If Rani had asked me, I would have taught her.
4. Would का उपयोग past की habit को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
After taking meal, she would go out for a short walk.
I would go out for a long morning walk.
Rani and Reena would come and sit with me for hours.
5. Would का उपयोग rather के साथ प्राथमिकता या पसंद (preference of choice) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
She would rather play on the harmonium than to take rest.
I would rather study than to see a movie.
He would rather die than beg.
I would rather rest now.
6. Would का उपयोग समरूपता (likelihood), संभावना (probability), पूर्वानुमान (presumption) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
He would be about 40 now.
He would be about 70 now.
The teacher would be in the playground.
Reena would be in the kitchen at this time.
Raju would be in the field.
She would be playing now.
How To Use Modals
9. Must
Must का उपयोग present time तथा future time दोनों के actions को बताने के लिए किया जा सकता है। इसका कोई past tense नहीं होता है।
1. Must का उपयोग आदेश (order), निर्देश (command), दबाव या बाध्यता (compulsion), अथवा कर्तव्य (duty) बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
We must respect our elders.
You must apologize for your mistake.
We must help the needy.
All students must attend the function.
Soldiers must obey orders without any question.
They must do as they are told.
You must do as you are directed.
2. Must का उपयोग प्रबल संभावना (strong probability/likelihood) को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
India must have won the 2nd test match against Pakistan.
You must have heard about Modi ji.
He has not reached so far, he must have taken a wrong turn.
You must be joking.
They must be hungry.
Raju must be 20 now.
3. Must का उपयोग मनाही एवं दबाव (prohibition and emphatic advice) मुक्त सलाह को बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
You must not run in the sun.
Visitor must not feed the animals.
You must not talk to that wicked fellow.
You must not miss the classes.
Students must not copy.
How To Use Modals
10. Ought to
Ought का उपयोग बिना to के नहीं किया जाता है।
Ought to तथा should का उपयोग एवं अर्थ लगभग एक समान होते हैं।
1. Ought to का उपयोग सामान्यता नैतिक कर्तव्य (moral duty) बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
One ought to take care of one’s children.
We ought to help the needy.
We ought to respect our parents.
2. Ought to का उपयोग सलाह (advice), कर्तव्य (duty) तथा नैतिक दायित्व (moral obligation) बताने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
We ought to work for the welfare of the nation.
We ought to help our friends.
You ought to consult a physician.
You ought to read this book, it is very interesting.
3. Ought to के साथ not का उपयोग किसी जिम्मेदारी को पूरा न करने के अर्थ में किया जाता है।
यह advice का अर्थ बताता है।
Children ought not to watch TV for so long.
She ought not to talk to the seniors in such manner.
They ought not to smoke so much.
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
4. Ought to का उपयोग perfect tense में उस action को बताने के लिए किया जाता है जो कार्य संपन्न होना चाहिए था परंतु कार्य नहीं किया गया।
We ought to have come here in time. (But we didn’t come in time.)
Raju ought to have invited Ram in function. (But he didn’t invite.)
They ought to have stopped at the traffic light near English Point. (But they didn’t.)
11. Used to
1. Used to का उपयोग बीते हुए समय की आदत को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
There used to be a good restaurant.
He used to play badminton in the evening.
Ram used to walk in the morning.
My teacher used to teach one lesson everyday.
We used to drink daily.
Used to का negative तथा interrogative दो तरह से बनता है। उदाहरण देखिए।
He did not use to smoke daily.
He used not to smoke daily.
I used not to play cricket at college.
I did not use to play cricket at college.
Used he to play badminton?
Did he used to play badminton?
How To Use Modals
12. Need
Need का उपयोग modal auxiliary verb तथा ordinary verb दोनों तरह से किया जाता है। इसलिए इसे marginal modal या semi modal कहा जाता है।
1. सामान्यता Need का उपयोग modal verb के रूप में interrogative एवं negative वाक्यों में किया जाता है।
I need not talk to her.
Need he talk to him?
You needn’t wear a tie?
You need not stay here.
Need we go there?
2. Present tense में needn’t का उपयोग ऐसे कार्य को बताने के लिए किया जाता है, जो वास्तव में नहीं किया जाना ही उचित था।
Needn’t का अर्थ होता है जरूरत नहीं होना या आवश्यक नहीं होना।
We needn’t have stayed here.
हमें यहां ठहरने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
Raju needn’t have left the office at 9 o’clock.
राजू को 9:00 बजे ऑफिस छोड़ने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
He needn’t have bought such a costly bag.
उसे इतना महंगा बेग खरीदने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
We needn’t have written such a long story.
हमें इतनी बड़ी कहानी लिखने की जरूरत नहीं थी।
Note: need का उपयोग main verb के रूप में निम्न तरह से किया जाता है। उदाहरण देखिए।
I need your help.
He needs my assistance.
You need/needed my permission to teach them.
He needed my help.
I don’t need your suggestion in this matter.
You did not need my help.
He did not need my money.
She doesn’t need my assistance.
You don’t need to help me.
Does he need to stay in this hotel?
Did she/they need to stay here?
Do you need my help?
Does she need my money?
How To Use Modals
13. Dare
Need की तरह dare का प्रयोग modal verb तथा principal verb दोनों तरह से किया जाता है, इसलिए dare को भी marginal model या semi model कहा जाता है।
1. Dare का प्रयोग modal auxiliary/marginal model auxiliary के रूप में सामान्यतया negative एवं interrogative sentences में किया जाता है।
Dare का अर्थ होता है- साहस करना या चुनौती देना।
Negative:
He dare not (daren’t) come here.
She daren’t call you a fool.
They dare not leave the meeting without my permission.
I dare not talk to the chairman.
Dare he not say like this?
Dare they complain against you?
How dare he speak like this?
How dare they act in this manner?
Dare she sit before us?
How dare you do such a thing?
How To Use Modals
Note: How के साथ Dare का उपयोग वक्ता का गुस्सा, सदमा एवं आश्चर्य बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
How To Solve Verb English Competitive Exam
2. Somebody, anybody, nobody के साथ Dare का उपयोग जब modal की तरह किया जाता है, तो इसके साथ to का उपयोग किया जा सकता है एवं नहीं भी किया जा सकता है।
Nobody dare comment like this. (✓)
Nobody dare to comment like this.(✓)
ऊपर लिखे दोनों ही वाक्य सही है।
Note: Dare का उपयोग main verb या principal verb के रूप में निम्न प्रकार से किया जाता है।
He dares to oppose you.
They don’t dare to say anything before me.
We do not dare to talk to the chairman.
Do you dare to speak against him?
Does he dare to oppose you?
He does not dare to ignore me.
He does not dare to oppose you.
How To Use Modals
subhash
I am Subhash joshi. हर एक पोस्ट के पीछे मेरा सबसे बड़ा मोटिव होता है अपने Readers की life में value add करना। मैंने badisuccess.com/ kyon shuru kiya ? किसी ने कहा है कि यदि खुद को बड़ा बनाना है, तो औरों को बड़ा बनाना शुरू करो। यदि खुद को मदद चाहिए तो औरों की मदद करना शुरू करो और बस यही आधार बना badisuccess.com/ को शुरू करने का। MY CONTACT NO. 9753978693